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Isnโ€™t it a great time to be a board designer? Compared to twelve years ago, the average number of nets has gone from 1,544 to 2,832; the number of pin-to-pin connections has increased from 7,661 to 13,573; the number of components has grown from 1,120 to 3,518; and many other challenges to the job have arisen.
Board bring-up is a phased process whereby an electronics system is repeatedly tested, validated and debugged, in order to achieve readiness for manufacture. This process can take so long that a product never gets to market because it is succeeded by the next generation...
I was reading a Design Guidelines document recently that nicely summarized what to watch out for when designing circuits with high-speed I/O. There are so many things that can go wrong, so careful design and accurate measurements are essential.
Programming NOR or large NAND flash devices can be done using a variety of technologies, including boundary scan (JTAG), processor-controlled test (emulation), or FPGA-controlled test. Which embedded instrument you use is a trade-off between speed, complexity and cost.
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